Supplements
PEAK ATP
What is it?
PEAK ATP is a brand of adenosine triphosphate disodium, taken by mouth. ATP is the molecule your cells use to transfer energy during muscle contraction. It is studied for strength and fatigue resistance, although a swallowed dose does not simply become ready-to-use muscle energy. [1,2]
How does it work?
Oral ATP may affect signaling outside cells, but its exact route to any performance effect is unsettled. In a small human absorption study, even a 5 g oral dose did not increase circulating ATP; that finding argues against a simple “more ATP in, more muscle fuel” explanation without ruling out other effects. [2]
Why is it in pre-workout?
The target is better strength or resistance to fatigue. A 2024 review found five placebo-controlled trials in 121 men. Its strength analysis drew from only two trials and estimated 8.1 kg greater strength with oral ATP. Maximum repetitions and anaerobic power were not clearly improved, and the strength estimate should not be read as an expected personal gain. [1]
In one acute study of 20 men, 400 mg led to about 13% more repetitions in the first squat set versus placebo, but total repetitions and total weight lifted were not clearly higher. A separate trial found no performance benefit on a three-minute all-out cycling test after 14 days of 400 mg/day. The ingredient is promising for some strength outcomes, while effects across different workouts are still being studied. [3,4]
STUDIED AMOUNT
How much?
FORM & SCHEDULE
What it refers to
oral ATP disodium in exercise studies
400 mg is a studied amount, not a proven minimum or best dose. One positive acute study involved the ingredient company; independent confirmation would help.
400 mg — oral ATP disodium used in several exercise studies
Read detailed dosing notes
The pictured scoop lists 450 mg. Much of the relevant research used 400 mg, sometimes 30 minutes before exercise and sometimes daily during training. It is a studied amount, not a proven minimum or optimum, and research has not shown whether the extra 50 mg changes the effect. [1,3,4]
The acute dose study was funded by the ingredient company, with sponsor personnel involved. That does not erase its result, but independent confirmation would strengthen confidence. [3]
Sources & further reading
- González-Marenco et al. (2024). The Effect of Oral Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Supplementation on Anaerobic Exercise in Healthy Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (opens in a new tab)pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Arts et al. (2012). Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) supplements are not orally bioavailable: A randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trial in healthy humans (opens in a new tab)pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- dos Santos Nunes de Moura et al. (2021). Dose Response of Acute ATP Supplementation on Strength Training Performance (opens in a new tab)pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Dufner et al. (2023). The Effects of Two Weeks of Oral PeakATP Supplementation on Performance during a Three-Minute All out Test (opens in a new tab)pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov